Six Types Of Training And Development Techniques
1.On-the-job Training and Lectures
The 2 most continuously used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, though little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It's usually impossible to teach someone everything she must know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training typically supplements other kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; however on-the-job training is continuously the only type of training. It's normally informal, which means, sadly, that the trainer doesn't concentrate on the training as much as she should, and the trainer could not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice must learn.
On-the-job training is not successful when used to keep away from creating a training program, although it can be an effective part of a well-coordinated training program.
Lectures are used because of their low price and their capacity to reach many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication versus interactive learning methods, are much criticized as a training device.
2. Programmed Instruction (PI)
These devices systematically current data to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement principles to promote appropriate responses. When PI was originally developed in the 1950s, it was regarded as useful only for basic subjects. At present the method is used for skills as various as air traffic control, blueprint reading, and the evaluation of tax returns.
3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
With CAI, students can be taught at their own tempo, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the pc, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Instructional alternatives may be quickly selected to suit the student's capabilities, and performance will be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.
4. Audiovisual Methods
Each television and film lengthen the range of skills that may be taught and the way information could also be presented. Many systems have digital blackboards and slide projection equipment. Using methods that combine audiovisual systems equivalent to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new term for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on " Sesame Street " illustrates the design and evaluation of certainly one of television's favorite children's program as a training device.
5. Simulations
Training simulations replicate the essential characteristics of the real world which are necessary to produce each learning and the switch of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Each machine and different types of simulators exist. Machine simulators typically have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that is, they signify the real world's operational equipment. The principle function of simulation, however, is to produce psychological fidelity, that's, to reproduce within the training those processes that might be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, together with to regulate the training atmosphere, for safety, to introduce feedback and other learning ideas, and to reduce cost.
6. Business games
They are the direct progeny of war games which were used to train officers in combat methods for hundreds of years. Nearly all early enterprise games had been designed to teach primary business skills, but more latest games also embody interpersonal skills. Monopoly is likely to be considered the quintessential enterprise game for young capitalists. It's probably the first place children discovered the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.
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The 2 most continuously used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, though little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It's usually impossible to teach someone everything she must know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training typically supplements other kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; however on-the-job training is continuously the only type of training. It's normally informal, which means, sadly, that the trainer doesn't concentrate on the training as much as she should, and the trainer could not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice must learn.
On-the-job training is not successful when used to keep away from creating a training program, although it can be an effective part of a well-coordinated training program.
Lectures are used because of their low price and their capacity to reach many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication versus interactive learning methods, are much criticized as a training device.
2. Programmed Instruction (PI)
These devices systematically current data to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement principles to promote appropriate responses. When PI was originally developed in the 1950s, it was regarded as useful only for basic subjects. At present the method is used for skills as various as air traffic control, blueprint reading, and the evaluation of tax returns.
3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
With CAI, students can be taught at their own tempo, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the pc, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Instructional alternatives may be quickly selected to suit the student's capabilities, and performance will be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.
4. Audiovisual Methods
Each television and film lengthen the range of skills that may be taught and the way information could also be presented. Many systems have digital blackboards and slide projection equipment. Using methods that combine audiovisual systems equivalent to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new term for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on " Sesame Street " illustrates the design and evaluation of certainly one of television's favorite children's program as a training device.
5. Simulations
Training simulations replicate the essential characteristics of the real world which are necessary to produce each learning and the switch of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Each machine and different types of simulators exist. Machine simulators typically have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that is, they signify the real world's operational equipment. The principle function of simulation, however, is to produce psychological fidelity, that's, to reproduce within the training those processes that might be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, together with to regulate the training atmosphere, for safety, to introduce feedback and other learning ideas, and to reduce cost.
6. Business games
They are the direct progeny of war games which were used to train officers in combat methods for hundreds of years. Nearly all early enterprise games had been designed to teach primary business skills, but more latest games also embody interpersonal skills. Monopoly is likely to be considered the quintessential enterprise game for young capitalists. It's probably the first place children discovered the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.
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